We come across the most intricate examples of formation of space, whether real or imaginary, most explicitly and concretely in art. Whilst these places artists compose expand our horizons, they also propose new dimensions to the way we perceive space. Çınar Eslek’s works mainly focusing on space invite us to consider ‘non-places’. According to Marc Augé “If places are defined by their relationships to history and identity, a place that has no ties to these peripheral components becomes a ‘non-place’”. Augé exemplifies this definition by talking about the transient and temporal dynamics airports contain; where travellers do not give away much of their identities or personal lives, and merely momentary encounters take place. Eslek’s photographs which we come across in her exhibition “Therefore” capture the essence of Augé’s ‘non-places’. In her photograph of a bed with the indent of someone who has just gotten up, Eslek conjures the image of a place where, just as in Augé’s description, identities and lives do not leave an impression and transiency takes hold of the space. Even as Eslek’s photographs evoke the presence of those who remain in the background -as is with women- and bears the indications of the private and the traces of the body, they still refrain from giving any hints as to any identity.
Çınar Eslek’s most recent photography series compels us to recall Foucault’s, Simmel’s and Bakhtin’s suggestions about the concept of space. According to Foucault’s proposition, time is a conception evolving around productivity, prosperity, life and dialectics. Space, on the other hand, is being conceived as dead, stationary, constant and not containing any dialectics. In Eslek’s paintings, photographs and video works, this contrast is being reflected upon. Simmel additionally presents us with the five main characteristics of space. The first of these characterisations expand upon the exclusivity of space: even while talking about one general place, this place is composed from the cumulative places that contribute their individual social formational characteristics and contain individual particularities. Therefore even as we see a bed that has just been ascended from as a general place in Eslek’s photographs, in actuality when we take into consideration the implications of social formation, we also see traces of womanhood and women’s “fragile codes”.
Simmel makes use of “door” and “bridge” as metaphors for the concept of space. Both of these analogies share the trait of connecting two places together. Not only is a connection established, but also an inside and an outside is defined. Doors bare the significance for people as they create a relationship between the contained and everything else that is left on the exterior. Moreover, they are beyond being the divider of the outside and the inside since they create a powerful illusion as they open from and close onto walls. While the wall is mute, the door has a voice. Doors have the authority to create and destroy feelings both of freedom and of restriction. In Eslek’s photographs the metaphorical door and bridge is manifested as the “bed-and-cover”. The bed, being a private place, creates an internal and an external space as well as the connection between the two. From this standpoint, the bed becomes what Simmel recognises as a door or a bridge. The bed, also referencing women and womanhood, creates a feeling of freedom and restriction simultaneously and in accordance with social codes and constructs can both create and destroy these feelings. As we know from the many metaphors Foucault uses revolving around places, he identifies places with concepts of control and force. Likewise, “the body materialises within space”. Thus, Eslek’s “bed”s, containing feelings both of freedom and restraint, coincide with Foucault’s governance mechanisms.
When we think of space-time in the context of literature, Bakhtin’s concept of the “chronotrope” can be recalled. According to Bakhtin, the chronotrope becomes a stylistic constituent in literature. Taking its epistemological origins from the greek words chronos (time) and typos (space), chronotrope refers to a moment becoming perceivable in a space. Above all, chronotrope is a representation, uniting “that time” and “that place” in a passage to create meaning. With this unity, time is palpable and becomes apparent to the eye. Chronotrope gives life and a tangible dimension to time, materialising it. Therefore, Bakhtin includes the concept of space into passages that proceed only from temporal relations and reminds us that the concepts of time and space should be regarded together. Bakhtin emphasises that time, being both an initiation point and an resolution point for events, merges and flows within space, putting forth a chain of narrations within it. In this light, Çınar Eslek’s photography can also be seen as “chronotropes”. The bed in Eslek’s series is beyond being mere backdrops and becomes the space-time based creator of the story and the relations within. At first glance, we may assume that Eslek has simply taken photographs of beds, however in reality the bed, being an artistic metaphor, is beyond a direct representation. Rather, it is a knot of interweaving relations. These relations are bounded up and let loose in this concision point . By joining “that time” and “that place” together, Eslek creates a chronotrope that communicates a diegetic, and furthermore, through the metaphor of the bed presents an implicit narration on womanhood.
Burcu PELVANOĞLU